UNIX 入門(1122)

課本(pdf): Introduction to Linux
課本(html): Introduction to Linux
(figure from "Starting Forth")
課本第二章概述
課本第三章指令簡表
summary of shell programming
snippet of bash man page
demo sh script
demo awk scripts
summary of awk man page
GNU document for make
GNU document for bash
GNU document for sed
GNU document for awk
GNU document for GNU core utils
note of tar and gzip
vi 的參考資料
- vi summary
- Vi reference card
unix commands vs python
作業一: finding files which contain your account name
- 從 /var/tmp/exercise-one 找出含有你帳號的檔案
- 每人的帳號會出現三次, 因此極大機率會出現在三檔案中
- 將找到的檔案名字寫到一個檔案中, 每個名字一行.
  如為 /var/tmp/exercise-one/Sam/likes/a-duck
  則只需輸入 Sam/likes/a-duck 即可. 注意大小寫.
  此檔案必須置於 ~/unix-1122/exer1 底下.
- 編輯器可用 joe, nano, pico
- deadline: 2024/Feb/28, 00:05 am

作業二: cloning files and directories

從 /var/tmp/exercise-two 目錄底下找出自己的目錄及檔案,
並複製到 ~/unix-1122/exer2 下. 如果有以下目錄及檔案

/var/tmp/exercise-two/Bob/has-bought/a-cow
/var/tmp/exercise-two/Bob/has-bought/a-deer
/var/tmp/exercise-two/Bob/has-bought/a-dog
/var/tmp/exercise-two/David/is/a-tiger
/var/tmp/exercise-two/David/is/a-tiger/fun
/var/tmp/exercise-two/David/is/a-tiger/is
/var/tmp/exercise-two/David/is/a-tiger/it

則在你的 exer2 下建立如下對應的結構.

~/unix-1122/exer2
          |---Bob
          |   `---has-bought
          |       |---a-cow
          |       |---a-deer
          |       `---a-dog
          `---David
              `---is
                  `---a-tiger
                      |---fun
                      |---is
                      `---it

注意: 若是檔案的話, 內容必須一樣, 也就是說要用複製的.
deadline: 2024 March 13, 00:05 am

作業三: creating a directory
在 ~/unix-1122/exer3 建出一個目錄結構, 與下圖一致.
- 有框的為目錄, 其餘為 file.
- 檔案若在 /var/tmp/exercise-three 下可以找到, 則從其處複製, 若找不到, 則為一空檔案.
- 若為 hard link, 則新建出的檔案間的關係也是 hard link.
- 若為 symbolic link, 則新建出的檔案間的關係也是 symbolic link,
  Use a relative pathname to build a symbolic link.
- deadline: 2024 March 20, 00:05 am
作業四: finding files which contain your account or their filenames contain your account
- 從 /var/tmp/exercise-four 找出含有你帳號的檔案或者是檔名含有你帳號的檔案.
- 每人的帳號會出現三次, 因此極大機率會出現在三檔案中
- 將找到的檔案名字寫到一個檔案中, 每個名字一行.
  如為 /var/tmp/exercise-four/Sam/likes/go-go-s108321001
  則只需輸入 Sam/likes/go-go-s108321001 即可. 注意大小寫.
- 此檔案必須置於 ~/unix-1122/exer4 底下.
- 檔案權限需設為 -r--rw-r--
- deadline: 2024 March 27, 00:05 am
- 請善用 find, grep 等指令.
作業五: at and crontab
- 建立二個執行檔, 名為 do-at, do-cron
  - 每個執行檔的第一個指令須為 date.
  - 每個執行檔最少包含二個指令
  - 用編輯器建立檔案, 再用 chmod 切換執行的權限.
- 用 at 在 2024/Apr/24, 03:00 --- 05:00 執行 do-at 一次, 執行的輸出須轉向到檔案 output-at.
- 用 crontab 設定在 2024/Apr/24, 01 至 05 這五個小時內, 每小時執行 do-cron 二次. 執行的輸出須轉向到檔案 output-cron,
- crontab 的設定請用一行完成.
- at 及 crontab 所需的程式及輸出檔案皆放在 ~/unix-1122/exer5 下.
- 注意作業要求的檔名, 不符規定者將扣分.
- at 及 crontab 的設定須在 2024/Apr/24, 00:05 前完成.

作業 6: calculating sum of a sequence (bash programming)

The sequence is defined by three arguments. If the program is called like: ./ex6-sum.sh a b step, then the sequence is a, a+step, a+2*step,.. until a+k*step is over b which means, depending on the sign of step, either greater or less than b.
Your program should check the number of arguments.
Your program should be executable.

For example:

$ ./ex6-sum.sh 1 2           #  number of argument != 3
usage: a b step
$ ./ex6-sum.sh               #  number of argument != 3
usage: a b step
$ ./ex6-sum.sh 1 2 3         #  1,4,7 ... ==> 1
1
$ ./ex6-sum.sh 1 2 1         #  1,2,3 ... ==> 1+2 = 3
3
$ ./ex6-sum.sh -10 -3 2      #  -10,-8,... ==> -10-8... = -28
-28
$ ./ex6-sum.sh -10 -3 1
-52
$ ./ex6-sum.sh -10 -3 4      # -10,-6,-2,2,... ==> -10-6= -16
-16
$ ./ex6-sum.sh 10 -3 2       # 10 > -3, so 0
0
$ ./ex6-sum.sh 10 -3 -2      # 10,8,6,...-2,-4,.. ==> 10+8+...-2 = 28
28
$ ./ex6-sum.sh 10 -3 -4      # 10,6,2,-2,-6... ==> 10+6+2-2 = 16
16
$ ./ex6-sum.sh 10 -3 -6
12
$

deadline: 2024 May 01, 00:05 am

作業 7: extract and merge related information of a keyword (bash programming)
- This exercise is for practicing combining programs with pipes, so grep and sort must be used at least once respectively.
- If your program uses temporary files, make sure their pathnames are right. Do not forget to remove them after execution.
- Your program should be executable.
- For example:
```
$ ./ex7-extract.sh 
usage: ./ex7-extract.sh keyword [file] ....
$ ./ex7-extract.sh klim
OK it is not klim
milk is milk
klim got $1000 
$1000 OK got is it not   <----- ctrl-D pressed
$ 
$ cat IN-a
oak is not klim
klim is good
ok it is fine
$
$ cat IN-b
192390 klim
klim tooyoung
ok it is fine
$
$ ./ex7-extract.sh klim IN-a
good is is not oak
$
$ ./ex7-extract.sh klim IN-a IN-b
192390 good is is not oak tooyoung
$ 
    
```
- Put your program under ~/unix-1122/exer7.
- deadline: 2024 May 08, 00:05 am
作業八: select lines in stdin (shell and sed programming)
- 寫一個 shell script, 將參數轉成 sed 所用的 command, 再呼叫 sed 使其從 stdin 印出指定的行.
- 要用 sed, 其使用請自行用 man 查詢,
- For example:
```
      $ seq 1 100 | ./ex8.sh 
      $ seq 1 100 | ./ex8.sh 1 9
      1
      9
      $ seq 1 100 | ./ex8.sh 1 12 34-35 77-80
      1
      12
      34
      35
      77
      78
      79
      80
      $ 
      
```
- deadline: 2024 May 15, 00:05 am
- 程式請放至 ~/unix-1122/exer8 下.

作業 9: sum the values for each user (awk programming)

Create an awk script which calculates the sum for each user.

For example:

      $
      $ cat IN-9
      # oak
      100 23 11 44 
      -99 10
      # klim
      1000 20 3
      1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
      # baga
      -100 -20
      $
      $
      $ ./ex9.awk IN-9
      oak 89
      klim 1233
      baga -120
      $ 
      $

Put your program under ~/unix-1122/exer9.
deadline: 2023 May 22, 00:05 am

作業 10: calculate the average for each user (awk programming)
- Create an awk script which calculates the average for each user.
- For example:
```
      $ cat IN-10 
      # this is a comment
      joejoejoe 10 20 30 #this is also a comment
      OAK -999 10 # 10000
      joeJOE 2000
      oak 10
      milk 1000 # 2000
      $ ./ex10.awk IN-10 
      OAK = -326.33
      MILK = 1000.00
      JOEJOE = 515.00
      $ 
      
```
- Beware of the comment. You have to remove comments first.
  A comment is beginned with a '#' and extends to the end of line.
- Each line, if it is not a comment line, begins with a name, followed by numbers.
- The name are case-insensitive and only first 6 characters are significant.
- The average should be printed with two digits after the dot.
- Put your program under ~/unix-1122/exer10.
- deadline: 2024 June 05, 00:05 am