UNIX 入門(1112)

課本(pdf): Introduction to Linux
課本(html): Introduction to Linux
(figure from "Starting Forth")
課本第二章概述
課本第三章指令簡表
summary of shell programming
snippet of bash man page
demo sh script
demo awk scripts
summary of awk man page
GNU document for make make.
GNU document for bash
GNU document for sed
GNU document for awk
GNU document for GNU core utils
note of tar and gzip
vi 的參考資料
- vi summary
- Vi reference card
unix commands vs python
作業一: finding files which contain your account name
- 從 /var/tmp/exercise-one 找出含有你帳號的檔案
- 每人的帳號會出現三次, 因此極大機率會出現在三檔案中
- 將找到的檔案名字寫到一個檔案中, 每個名字一行.
  如為 /var/tmp/exercise-one/Sam/likes/a-duck
  則只需輸入 Sam/likes/a-duck 即可. 注意大小寫.
  此檔案必須置於 ~/unix-1112/exer1 底下.
- 編輯器可用 joe, nano, pico
- deadline: 2023 Mar 01, 00:05 am

作業二: cloning files and directories

從 /var/tmp/exercise-two 目錄底下找出自己的目錄及檔案,
並複製到 ~/unix-1112/exer2 下. 如果有以下目錄及檔案

/var/tmp/exercise-two/Bob/has-bought/a-cow
/var/tmp/exercise-two/Bob/has-bought/a-deer
/var/tmp/exercise-two/Bob/has-bought/a-dog
/var/tmp/exercise-two/David/is/a-tiger
/var/tmp/exercise-two/David/is/a-tiger/fun
/var/tmp/exercise-two/David/is/a-tiger/is
/var/tmp/exercise-two/David/is/a-tiger/it

則在你的 exer2 下建立如下對應的結構.

~/unix-1112/exer2
          |---Bob
          |   `---has-bought
          |       |---a-cow
          |       |---a-deer
          |       `---a-dog
          `---David
              `---is
                  `---a-tiger
                      |---fun
                      |---is
                      `---it

注意: 若是檔案的話, 內容必須一樣, 也就是說要用複製的.
deadline: 2023 March 8, 00:05 am

作業三: creating a directory
在 ~/unix-1112/exer3 建出一個目錄結構, 與下圖一致.
- 有框的為目錄, 其餘為 file.
- 檔案若在 /var/tmp/exercise-three 下可以找到, 則從其處複製, 若找不到, 則為一空檔案.
- 若為 hard link, 則新建出的檔案間的關係也是 hard link.
- 若為 symbolic link, 則新建出的檔案間的關係也是 symbolic link,
  Use a relative pathname to build a symbolic link.
- deadline: 2023 March 15, 00:05 am
作業四: finding files which contain your account or their filenames contain your account
- 從 /var/tmp/exercise-four 找出含有你帳號的檔案或者是檔名含有你帳號的檔案.
- 每人的帳號會出現三次, 因此極大機率會出現在三檔案中
- 將找到的檔案名字寫到一個檔案中, 每個名字一行.
  如為 /var/tmp/exercise-four/Sam/likes/go-go-s108321001
  則只需輸入 Sam/likes/go-go-s108321001 即可. 注意大小寫.
- 此檔案必須置於 ~/unix-1112/exer4 底下.
- 檔案權限需設為 -r--rw-r--
- deadline: 2023 March 22, 00:05 am
- 請善用 find, grep 等指令.
作業五: at and crontab
- 建立二個執行檔, 名為 do-at, do-cron
  - 每個執行檔的第一個指令須為 date.
  - 每個執行檔最少包含二個指令
  - 用編輯器建立檔案, 再用 chmod 切換執行的權限.
- 用 at 在 2023/Apr/26, 03:00 --- 05:00 執行 do-at 一次, 執行的輸出須轉向到檔案 output-at.
- 用 crontab 設定在 2023/Apr/26, 01 至 05 這五個小時內, 每小時執行 do-cron 二次. 執行的輸出須轉向到檔案 output-cron,
- crontab 的設定請用一行完成.
- at 及 crontab 所需的程式及輸出檔案皆放在 ~/unix-1112/exer5 下.
- 注意作業要求的檔名, 不符規定者將扣分.
- at 及 crontab 的設定須在 2023/Apr/26, 00:05 前完成.
作業 6: calculating sum of squares (bash programming)
- Your program should check the number of arguments.
- Use loop to complete your program.
- Your program should be executable.
- For example:
```
      $ ./ex6.sh 
      usage: low high
      $ ./ex6.sh 34
      usage: low high
      $ ./ex6.sh 3 4
      25
      $ ./ex6.sh 3 4 5
      usage: low high
      $ ./ex6.sh 3 5
      50
      $ 
    
```
- deadline: 2023 May 03, 00:05 am

作業七: compute max, min and avg (shell programming)

寫一個 shell script, 若執行時無參數時則從 stdin 讀, 若有參數則從參數所指定的檔案讀入. 讀入時每一行只包含一個數字. 程式要找出所有數字的最大, 最小, 及平均. 其中平均要算到小數點以下二位.

For example:

      $ cat F1
      12
      34
      11
      $ cat F2
      -4
      33
      78
      23
      40
      $ ./ex7.sh F1      # read from F1
      max is 34
      min is 11
      avg is 19.00
      $ ./ex7.sh F2      # read from F2
      max is 78
      min is -4
      avg is 34.00
      $ ./ex7.sh F1 F2   # read from F1 and F2
      max is 78
      min is -4
      avg is 28.37
      $ ./ex7.sh         # read from stdin
      10
      20
      -9
      max is 20
      min is -9
      avg is 7.00
      $

deadline: 2023 May 10, 00:05 am
程式請放至 ~/unix-1112/exer7 下.

作業八: select lines in stdin (shell and sed programming)
- 寫一個 shell script, 將參數轉成 sed 所用的 command, 再呼叫 sed 使其從 stdin 印出指定的行.
- 要用 sed, 其使用請自行用 man 查詢,
- For example:
```
      $ seq 1 100 | ./ex8.sh 
      $ seq 1 100 | ./ex8.sh 1 9
      1
      9
      $ seq 1 100 | ./ex8.sh 1 12 34-35 77-80
      1
      12
      34
      35
      77
      78
      79
      80
      $ 
      
```
- deadline: 2023 May 17, 00:05 am
- 程式請放至 ~/unix-1112/exer8 下.

作業 9: sum the values for each user (awk programming)

Create an awk script which calculates the sum for each user.

For example:

      $
      $ cat IN-9
      # oak
      100 23 11 44 
      -99 10
      # klim
      1000 20 3
      1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
      # baga
      -100 -20
      $
      $
      $ ./ex9.awk IN-9
      oak 89
      klim 1233
      baga -120
      $ 
      $

Put your program under ~/unix-1112/exer9.
deadline: 2023 May 31, 00:05 am

作業 10: calculate the average for each user (awk programming)
- Create an awk script which calculates the average for each user.
- For example:
```
      $ cat IN-10 
      # this is a comment
      joejoejoe 10 20 30 #this is also a comment
      OAK -999 10 # 10000
      joeJOE 2000
      oak 10
      milk 1000 # 2000
      $ ./ex10.awk IN-10 
      OAK = -326.33
      MILK = 1000.00
      JOEJOE = 515.00
      $ 
      
```
- Beware of the comment. You have to remove comments first.
  A comment is beginned with a '#' and extends to the end of line.
- Each line, if it is not a comment line, begins with a name, followed by numbers.
- The name are case-insensitive and only first 6 characters are significant.
- The average should be printed with two digits after the dot.
- Put your program under ~/unix-1112/exer10.
- deadline: 2023 June 07, 00:05 am